ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵊⵢⵓ-ⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏ: ⵏⴳⵔ ⵓⴼⵙⴰⵔ ⴰⴼⵔⵉⵇⵉ ⴷ ⵢⵉⴹⵉⵚ ⴰⵎⵓⵜⴰⵡⵚⵚⵉⵟ

ⴰⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴰⴳⵔⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ 19

ⵏ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴱⴷⵓ ⴰⴳⴰⴷⵉⵔ

ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵊⵢⵓ-ⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏ:

ⵏⴳⵔ ⵓⴼⵙⴰⵔ ⴰⴼⵔⵉⵇⵉ ⴷ ⵢⵉⴹⵉⵚ ⴰⵎⵓⵜⴰⵡⵚⵚⵉⵟ




ⴰⵙⴰⵜⵉ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢ

ⵜⵜⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵉⵙ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵣⵖ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵥⴰⵢⴽⵓⵜⵉⵏ ⵖ ⵉⵥⵥⵉⵍⵎⴹ ⵏ ⵉⴼⵔⵉⵇⵢⴰ, ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵣⵖ ⵉⵣⵎⴰⵣ ⵉⵇⵇⴱⵓⵔⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⵙⴽⴰⵔ ⴰⴷⵙⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵔⴰⵔⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⵖⵔⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⵏⴳⵔ ⵉⴼⵔⵉⵇⵢⴰ ⴷ ⵢⵉⵍⵍ ⴰⵎⵍⵍⴰⵍ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ. ⴳⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ ⴳ ⵉⴳⵔ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⴰⴽⴰⵍⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵡⵉⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵜⴰⵎⵔⵏⵓⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⵙⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵉⵣⴰⵣⵓⵜⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⵣⵓⵜⵏ ⵓⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴱⵓⵖⵍⵓ ⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏ, ⴷ ⵓⴷⵎⵙⴰⵏ ⵓⵍⴰ ⴰⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏ, ⵎⴰⵢⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⵏ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵣⴷⴷⴰⵢ ⴰⵎⴰⴽⴰⵏ ⵏⴳⵔ ⵉⴳⵔⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⴼⵔⵉⵇⵢⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ, ⴷ ⵏⴳⵔ ⵓⴳⵎⵓⴹ ⴷ ⵓⴷⴰⵔⴰⵎ.

ⴳ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ, ⴼⵍⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵔⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵉⵜⴰⵔ ⴳ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵜⵏⵢⴰⵍⴽⴰⵎ ⵉⵜⵜⵎⵔⴰⵔⴰ ⴷⵉⵙ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵏⵜⵜⴰ. ⵙⴳ ⵜⵣⵡⵉⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴰⴼⴰⵔⵄⵓⵏⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵇⴰⵔⵟⴰⵊⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵕⵓⵎⴰⵏⵜ, ⴰⵔ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜⴰ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙⵜ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵙⵓⴳⵔⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ ⴷⵔⵓⵏ ⴳ ⵉⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓⵜⵏ ⵉⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵙⴳⴷⴰⵏⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵡⵏⴳⵉⵎⵏ, ⴰⵔ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵜⴰⵜⵔⴰⵔⵜ ⴷⴰ ⵖ ⵙⵏⴼⵍⵏⵜ ⵜⵎⵙⵉⵔⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵎⴷⵔⵓ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵡⵉⵔ ⴰⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏ, ⵓⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵔⵙ ⴰⵙⵏⵉⵍⵙ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⴳⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵓⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏ.

ⵉⴳⴰ ⵓⵙⵔⵓⵙ ⴰⵊⵢⵓ-ⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏ ⵉ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⴽⵛⵛⵓⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵔⵙⴰⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵙⵙⴰⵔ ⴰⵖⵔⵎⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉ ⴷ ⵉⵎⴰⴷⴰⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵥⵥⵉⵍⵎⴹ ⵏ ⵉⴼⵔⵉⵇⵢⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵣⴷⴰⵢⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰⵢ ⵉⴼⵔⵉⵇⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵓⵜⴰⵡⵚⵚⵉⵟ, ⵎⴽⵍⵉⵉ ⴰⵙ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴳⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵏⵓⵃⵢⵓ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴽⴰⵍⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏ. ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵎⴰ ⵓⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵣⴷⴰⵢⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵖ ⵉⴳⵔⴰⵏ ⵎⵣⴰⵣⴰⵍⵏⵉⵏ ⵣⵓⵏⴷ ⴰⵙⴰⵜⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵡⵏⴳⵉⵎ ⴷ ⵓⵏⴼⴳⴰⵏ, ⴷ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ, ⴷ ⵜⵎⵢⵓⵔⵉⵏ, ⴷ ⵜⵥⵓⵕⵉⵡⵉⵏ, ⴷ ⵓⵥⴳⴰⵡ, ⴷ ⵜⵎⴹⴼⵕⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏⵏⵉⵏ, ⴷ ⵜⵎⵙⴽⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵙⴰⵜⴰⵢⵏ..., ⴷ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵢⴰ, ⴳⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⵙⵔⵜⴰⵢ ⵜⵉⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵙⵏⵉⵍⵙⵏ ⵖ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵔⵏⵓⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵥⵍⵍⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵓⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵖ ⵉⴳⵔ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵎⴰⴽⴰⵍ, ⵓⵍⴰ ⴰⵎⴰⵏⴰⵔ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴼⵔⵉⵇⵉ ⴷ ⴰⵎⵓⵟⴰⵡⵚⵚⵉⵟ (ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ), ⵉⵖ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⴼⵕⵕⴹ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵓⵍⴰ ⴰⴽⵔⴰⴼ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵣⵉⴳⵣ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵏⵉⵖ ⵓⵙⴷⵓⵙ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴷⴷⵔ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴷ ⵓⵙⵎⵀⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵍⴰⵍⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ.

ⵖ ⵓⵎⴰⵍⵓ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵓⵔⴰⵙ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓⵜⵉⵏ, ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵣⴷⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍⵜ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵏⴼⴰⵍ ⵉⵊⵢⵓ-ⵉⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏⵏ, ⵜⵜⵡⴰⴼⴽⴰⵏ ⵉⵙⵇⵙⵉⵜⵏ ⴰⵜⵜⵓⵢⵏⵉⵏ ⵅⴼ ⵉⵎⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ, ⴷ ⵉⵙ ⵜⵥⴹⴰⵕ ⴰⴷ ⵃⴹⵓ ⵜⵉⵔⵙⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵙⴷⵓⵙ ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵍⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵖ ⵉⵎⴰⵍ, ⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵉⴹⵉⵚⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵙⴽⵉⵍⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⴰⵡⴰⵏⵏ, ⵣⵖ ⵓⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⵙⵜⵔⴰⵜⵉⵊⵉⵜ ⵏⴳⵔ ⵉⴼⵔⵉⵇⵢⴰ ⴷ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵏⵣⵔⵓⴼⵜ ⵓⵍⴰ ⴰⴳⵎⵎⴰⴹ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵍⵍ ⴰⵎⵍⵍⴰⵍ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ. ⵎⴽⴰⴷ ⴰⴼ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵓⵡⵜⵜⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⴷ, ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵉⵙⴼⵉⵡ ⴼ ⵓⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴰⵢⵔⴰⵔ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵓⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏ ⵉⴼⵙⵔⵏ, ⴷ ⵜⵖⵓⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵔⴰⵔⴰ ⵏⴳⵔ ⵓⴼⵙⵙⴰⵔ ⴰⴼⵔⵉⵇⵉ ⴷ ⵢⵉⴹⵉⵚ ⴰⵎⵓⵜⴰⵚⵚⵉⵟ, ⴷ ⵜⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵏⴰⴷⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵎⵉⵍⵜⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵍ.

ⵜⴰⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵔⴰⵡ

ⵉⵔⴰ ⵓⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵏⵓⴱⴱⵛ, ⵉⵙⵓⵏⵙⵓⵢ ⴳ ⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⴰⵊⵢⵓ-ⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵓⵙⴼⵙⵉ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵙⵙⴰⵔ ⴰⴼⵔⵉⵇⵉ ⴷ ⵢⵉⴹⵉⵚ ⴰⵎⵓⵜⴰⵡⵚⵚⵉⵟ, ⵙⴳ ⵜⵎⵔⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⵅⴼ ⵉⵙⵇⵙⵉⵜⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ:

ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵓⵔ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵖⵉⵔ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏⵖ ⵜⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰⵡⴰⵏⵜ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵉⴳⵔ ⴰⴽⴰⵍⴰⵏ ⵉⴳⵯⴷⵍⵏ, ⵎⴰⵛ ⵉⵥⵓⵔⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵖⵣⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵏⵥⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⴼⵔⵉⵇⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵉⴳⵔ ⴰⵎⵓⵜⴰⵡⵚⵚⵉⵟ ⵉⵎⵣⴰⵣⴰⵍⵏ. ⵙⴳ ⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⴰⴷ, ⵜⵜⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵔⵙⴰⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⴷ, ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵢⵓⵛⴽⴰⵏ ⴼ ⵎⴽⴰ : ⴰⵔ ⵎⴰⵏ ⴰⵙⵡⵉⵔ ⵙ ⵜⴼⵍ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵎⴰⴳⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⴷ ⵉⵥⵥⵍⵎⴹ ⵏ ⵉⴼⵔⵉⵇⵢⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ? ⴷ ⵎⴰ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵣⴷⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵎⴰ ⴰⵏⵏ ⴷ ⵓⴼⵙⵙⴰⵔ ⴳ ⵉⴼⵔⵉⵇⵢⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴰⵢⵔⴰⵔ ⴰⵎⵓⵜⴰⵡⵚⵚⵉⵟ ? ⴷ ⵎⴰ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⵉⴱⴱⴰⵢⴹⴰⵕ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⵓⴼⴰ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⴰ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴳ ⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⵏⵏⵙ ? ⴷ ⵎⴰⴷ ⴳⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵙ ⵔⴰⴷ ⵜⴱⵓⵖⵍⵓ ⴳ ⵉⵎⴰⵍ, ⵙ ⵓⴱⴷⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵊⵢⵓ-ⴰⵙⵜⵔⴰⵜⵉⵊⵉ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵔⵓⵙⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵢⵏⵉⵜⵏ ?

ⴰⵙⴼⵙⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵇⵇⴰⵏⵜ ⵉⵙⵖⴰⵡⵙⴰ ⴰⴱⴷⴷⴰⴷ ⴼ ⵎⵏⵏⴰⵡ ⵉⵙⴳⵓⵎⵏ:

• ⵎⴰⵏⵉⴽ ⴰⵙ ⵜⴼⵍ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴰⵢⵔⴰⵔ ⴰⴼⵉⵔⵉⵇⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵓⵜⴰⵡⵚⵚⵉⵟ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ?

• ⴰⵔ ⵎⴰⵏ ⴰⵙⵡⵉⵔ ⵙ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵓⴽⵛⵛⵓⵎ ⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏ ⵏⴳⵔ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴷ ⵉⴳⵍⵎⴰⵎⵏ ⵉⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵖⵔⵎⵉⵡⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ, ⴷ ⵉⴼⵔⵉⵇⵢⴰ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵢⵉⵍⵍ ⴰⵎⵓⵜⴰⵡⵚⵚⵉⵟ ?

• ⵎⴰ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⵉⵍⴰⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵔⵜⴰⵢ ⵜⵉⵙⵏⵉⵍⵙⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴷⵓⵙ ⵏⵖ ⵓⴽⴽⴰⵙⵙⵓ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⴳⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴳ ⵉⵙⴰⵢⵔⴰⵔⵏ ⴰⴷ ?

• ⵎⴰⵏⵉⴽ ⴰⵙ ⵜⵥⴹⴰⵕ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴳ ⴰⴼⵔⴷⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵢⴰⵍⴽⴰⵎ ⴷ ⵓⵣⴷⴷⵉ ⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵖⵔⵎⴰⵏ ⵏⴳⵔ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ⴷ ⵉⴼⵔⵉⵇⵢⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵕⵓⴱⴱⴰ ?

• ⵎⴰⴷ ⴳⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴷ ⵎⴰ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⵉⵍⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵉⵎⴰⵍ ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏⵜⵙⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵉⵜⵜⵉⵢⵏ ⵉⵊⵢⵓ-ⵉⵙⵜⵔⴰⵜⵉⵊⵉⵢⵏ ⴳ ⵉⵥⵥⵍⵎⴹ ⵏ ⵉⴼⵔⵉⵇⵢⴰ ⴷ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵜⴰⵙ.

ⴰⴼⴰⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵏⵔⵎⵙ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⵙ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⵉⴷⵔⴰⵏ, ⵉⵇⵇⴰⵏⴷ ⵜ ⵉⴷ ⵓⵙⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴳⵔⵥⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵉⵙⵎⵓⵏⴰⵏ ⵎⵏⵏⴰⵡ ⵉⴳⵔⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ, ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵙⵏⵉⵍⵜ, ⴷ ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴼⴳⴰⵏⵜ, ⴷ ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ, ⴷ ⵜⵥⵓⵕⴰⵏⵜ…ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⵓⵙⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⵎⴷⵓⵜ ⵅⴼ ⵓⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴷ ⵉⵎⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵥⵕⵉⵜ ⵜⵉⴼⵔⵉⵇⵉⵢⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵜⴰⵡⵚⵚⵉⵢⵜ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵏⴼⴰⵍ ⵉⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓⵜⵏ.

ⵉⵙⴳⵓⵎⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵔⴰⵡ :

1. ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴷ ⵓⴼⵙⴰⵔ ⴰⴼⵔⵉⵇⵉⵢ :

• ⴰⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵉⴳⵔ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵖ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ⴷ ⵉⵥⵥⵍⵎⴹ ⵏ ⵉⴼⵔⵉⵇⵢⴰ, ⴰⵙⵔⵓⵙ ⴰⵎⵣⵔⴰⵢ ⴷ ⵓⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵏⴼⴳⴰⵏ.

• ⴰⵎⵔⴰⵔⴰ ⵏⴳⵔ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴰⵢⵔⴰⵔ ⴰⴼⵔⵉⵇⵉ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵡⵉⵔ ⴰⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⴷⵎⵙⴰⵏ.

• ⵜⴰⵔⴽⵢⵓⵍⵓⵊⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵟⵓⴱⵓⵏⵉⵎⵉⵜ, ⴷ ⵜⴰⵢⵙⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵔⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵉⵥⵥⵍⵎⴹ ⵏ ⵉⴼⵔⵉⵇⵢⴰ ⴷ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵏⵣⵔⵓⴼⵜ, ⴷ ⵜⴰⵍⵉⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴽⵛⵛⵓⵎⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵍⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⴰⵎⴳⵔⵓ.

• ⵜⴰⵍⵉⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴷ ⵓⴼⵙⴰⵔ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴼⵔⵉⵇⵉⵢ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵓⵜⴰⵡⵚⵚⵉⵟ.

• ⵉⴹⵉⵚ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ ⴳ ⵉⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓⵜⵏ ⵉⵡⵏⴳⵉⵎⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵏⵉⵎⴰⵏⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏⵏ ⴳ ⵉⴼⵔⵉⵇⵢⴰ.

2. ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴰⵢⵔⴰⵔ ⴰⵎⵓⵜⴰⵡⵚⵚⵉⵟ :

• ⵉⴼⵙⴰⵔⵏ ⵉⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵉ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵍⵍ ⴰⵎⵍⵍⴰⵍ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ.

• ⵉⴹⵉⵚⵏ ⵉⵎⵔⴰⵔⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵉⴳⵔⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵥⵓⵕⵉ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵙⴷⴰⴳⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵙⴽⵍⴰ.

• ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵣⵡⴰⴳ : ⵜⴰⴷⵉⵏⴰⵎⵉⴽⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⴳⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴳⵯⵎⴰⵏⵉⵜ.

3. ⴰⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⴰⵊⵢⵓ-ⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ :

• ⵜⵉⵙⵔⵜⴰⵢ ⵜⵉⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⴳⵉⵜⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵍⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴷⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵓⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵍⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵊⵢⵓⵙⵜⵔⴰⵜⵉⵊⵉⵜ.

• ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵏⵖⵎⵙ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵜⵉⴽⵏⵓⵍⵓⵊⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵜⵔⴰⵔⵜ.

• ⵉⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓⵜⵏ ⵉⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴳ ⵓⴼⵔⵉⵇⵢⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵕⵓⴱⴱⴰ, ⴷ ⵜⵉⵍⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴱⵓⵖⵍⵓ ⵏ ⵓⵊⵢⵓ-ⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ.

4. ⵜⵉⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵙⵓⵔⴰⵙ ⴰⵏⵉⵎⴰⵍⵏ :

• ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍⵜ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵏⴼⴰⵍⵏ ⴰⵊⵢⵓ-ⴰⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏ : ⵏⴳⵔ ⵜⵎⵍⴷⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴷⵉⴷⴷⵉ.

• ⵜⵉⵙⵜⵔⴰⵊⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵃⵟⵟⵓ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵢⵙⵉ ⴷ ⵜⵥⵓⵕⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴱⵓⵖⵍⵓ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⴷ ⵓⵙⴷⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵓⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴰⵜⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵊⵢⵓ-ⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵔⴰⵔⴰ ⴰⴼⵔⵉⵇⵉⵢ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵓⵜⴰⵡⵚⵚⵉⵟ ⴳ ⵉⵎⴰⵍ.

• ⵉⵎⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵢⴰⵡⴰⵙ ⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵜⵔⴰⵜⵉⵊⵉⵢ ⵉ ⵓⵙⴷⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵍⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴱⵓⵖⵍⵓ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴷⴷⴰⴷ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵊⵢⵓ-ⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏ.

ⵉⵡⵜⵜⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵔⴰⵡ :

ⴰⵙⵉⵙⴼⵉⵡ ⴼ ⵡⴰⴷⴷⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴼ ⵓⴼⵙⴰⵔ ⴰⴼⵔⵉⵇⵉⵢ ⴷ ⵓⴹⵉⵚ ⵏⵏⴰⵙ ⴰⵎⵓⵜⴰⵡⵚⵚⵉⵟ ⴳ ⴳⴰⵎ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵉⵍⵉⵜⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵉⵎⴰⵍ.

ⴰⵙⴷⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⵓⴱⴱⵛ ⴰⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵅⴼ ⵓⵎⵔⴰⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴷ ⵉⴼⵔⴷⴰⵙ ⵉⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉ, ⴷ ⵉⵎⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵙⴰⵡⴰⴹ ⴰⵖⵔⵎⴰⵏ.

ⴰⵙⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵓⵎⴰⵔ ⵜⵉⵎⵙⴽⴰⵔ ⵉ ⵓⵃⵟⵟⵓ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵢⵙⵉ ⴷ ⵜⵥⵓⵕⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴱⵓⵖⵍⵓ ⵏⵏⵙⵏⵜ, ⴷ ⵓⵙⴷⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵍⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ⴷ ⵉⵥⵥⵍⵎⴹ ⵏ ⵉⴼⵔⵉⵇⵢⴰ ⵙ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵔⵜⴰⵢ ⵜⵉⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰⵏⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⵉⵙⵜⵔⴰⵜⵉⵊⵉⵢⵏ.

ⵉⵙⵍⵍⵡⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴰⵢⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵢⴰⵍⴽⴰⵎ ⵏⴳⵔ ⵉⵎⵔⵣⵓⵜⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵙⵔⵜⵉⵢⵏ ⵅⴼ ⵉⵎⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵣⴷⴷⴰⵢ ⴰⵊⵢⵓ-ⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏ ⵏⴳⵔ ⵓⵙⴰⵢⵔⴰⵔ ⴰⴼⵔⵉⵇⵉⵢ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵓⵜⴰⵡⵚⵚⵉⵟ.




ⵉⵙⴰⴽⵓⴷⵏ ⵉⵏⴼⵔⴰⵔⵏ:

15 ⴰⴱⵔⵉⵔ 2025: ⴰⵙⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵉⴳⴳⵯⵔⴰⵏ ⴼ ⵓⵙⵏⵓⴱⴳ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵏⴼⴰⵔ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ, ⴰⴷ ⴳⵉⵙⵏ ⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⵓⴱⴱⵛ ⴷ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴼⵙⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵓⵣⴳⵣⵍ ⴷ ⵜⴰⴱⵉⴱⵍⵢⵓⵖⵔⴰⴼⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ, ⵏⴳⵔ 500 ⴰⵔ 700 ⵏ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉ.

20 ⴰⴱⵔⵉⵔ 2025: ⵜⴰⵎⵔⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⵅⴼ ⵉⵣⴳⵣⵓⵍⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵏⴼⴰⵕ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⵜⴰⵢⵏ.

25 ⵢⵓⵏⵢⵓ 2025: ⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵉⴳⴳⵯⵔⴰⵏ ⴼ ⵓⵙⵏⵓⴱⴳ ⵏ ⵉⴹⵕⵉⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⵓⴱⴱⵛ ⵉⴳⴳⵯⵔⴰⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵔⴰⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⴼⵙⴰⵔ.ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⴳⵔⴰ 3000 ⴷ 4000, ⵙ ⵎⴰ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵄⵔⴰⴱⵜ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵙ Sakkal Majalla, ⴰⴽⵙⴰⵢ 14, ⵙⵎⴰ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵙ ⵜⴼⵉⵏⴰⵖ amanar, ⵜⵓⵜⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉ times new roman, ⴰⴽⵙⴰⵢ 14. ⴰⵡⵇⵇⵔ ⵏ ⵏ ⵛⵛⵕⵓⴹ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ. ⴰⵙⵉⴼⴹ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵏⴼⴰⵕ ⴷ ⵉⴹⵕⵉⵚⵏ ⵙ word ⴷ pdf.

ⵢⵓⵍⵢⵓ 2025: ⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴰⴳⵔⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏ.

ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵜ: ⵔⴰⴷ ⵜⵡⴰⵍⴰ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴱⴷⵓ ⴰⴳⴰⴷⵉⵔ ⴰⵙⵏⵏⴱⴳⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵜⵜⵛⵓ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵔⵣⵓⵜⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵔⴰ ⵉⴷⵔⵓ ⴳ ⵓⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏ.

ⴰⵏⵙⴰ ⴰⵍⵉⴽⵜⵕⵓⵏⵉ: ueci.agadir@gmail.com

ⵜⴰⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵜ :

- ⵃⵎⴰⴷ ⵚⴰⴱⵉⵔ: ⵜⵉⵖⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵚⴱⵏⵢⵓⵍⵉⵏ, ⵜⴰⵟⵓⴱⴱⵓⵏⵉⵎⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵓⵖⵍ; ⵜⴰⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵉⴱⵏ ⵥⵓⵀⵔ ⴰⴳⴰⴷⵉⵔ.

- ⵢⵓⵙⴼ ⴱⵓⴽⴱⴱⵓⵟ: ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⴰⵔⴽⵢⵓⵍⵓⵊⵉⵜⵉⵏ, ⴰⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⵜⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⴰⵔⴽⵢⵓⵍⵓⵊⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵢⵙⵉ ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵜ.

- ⵄⴰⴱⴷⵓⵍⵍⴰⵀ ⵀⵔⵀⴰⵔ : ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵙⵢⵓⵍⵓⵊⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵏⵜⵔⵓⴱⴱⵓⵍⵉⵊⵉⵜ, ⵜⴰⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⴱⵏ ⵟⵓⴼⴰⵉⵍ; ⵍⵇⵏⴹⵕⵜ.

- ⴱⴰⵀⵉⵊⴰ ⵛⴰⴷⵍⵉ: ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⴷ ⵜⵖⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴼⵔⵉⵇⵉⵢⵉⵏ, ⵜⴰⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵍⵃⴰⵙⴰⵏ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ ⴹⴹⴰⵕⵍⴱⵉⴹⴰ.

- ⵕⴰⵛⵉⴷ ⵍⵃⴰⵃⵉ ⵉⴼⴰⵍⴽⴰⵢⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵥⵓⵕⵉⵡⵉⵏ, ⵜⴰⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵎⵕⵕⴰⴽⵛ.

- ⵄⴰⴱⴷ ⵍⵃⴰⴽⵉⵎ ⴰⴱⵓⵍⵍⵓⵣ: ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵙⵢⵓⵍⵓⵊⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏⵜ, ⵜⴰⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵉⴱⵏ ⵥⵓⵀⵕ ⴰⴳⴰⴷⵉⵔ.

- ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⵓⴱⵉⵀⵉ:ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⴰⵜⵔⴰⵔ, ⵜⴰⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵎⵎⵓⵙ, ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ.

- ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⵃⵏⴷⴰⵢⵏ: ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⴷ ⵉⴳⵔ, ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵉⵏ, ⵜⴰⵡⵏⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵣⵔⴰⵢⵜ, ⴰⴳⴰⴷⵉⵔ.

- ⵀⴰⵛⵉⵎ ⵊⵔⵎⵓⵏⵉ: ⵜⴰⵙⴽⵍⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵖⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵉⵏ, ⵜⴰⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⴱⵏ ⵄⴱⵍⵍⴰ ⴼⴰⵙ.

- ⵍⵃⵙⵏ ⵏⴰⵛⵀ: ⴰⵙⵙⵍⵎⴷ ⴷ ⵜⴱⵉⴷⴰⵖⵓⵊⵉⵜ, ⵜⴰⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴱⴷⵓ ⴰⴳⴰⴷⵉⵔ.

- ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⴱⵍⵉⵍⵉⴹ: ⴰⵣⵔⴼ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⵜⴰⵢ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵙⵔⵜⴰⵢⵉⵏ, ⵜⴰⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴱⵓ ⴰⴳⴰⴷⵉⵔ.

ⵜⴰⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵏⵎⵍⴰⵏⵜ:

ⵕⴰⵛⵉⴷ ⵍⵃⴰⵃⵉ ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⵊⴰⵡⵀⴰⵔⵉ ⵎⴰⵍⵉⴽⴰ ⴱⵓⵟⴰⵍⴱ

ⵊⴰⵎⵄ ⴼⴰⵕⴹⵉ ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⴱⵍⵉⵍⵉⴹ ⵎⵓⵍⴰⵢ ⵍⵃⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴰⵛⵃⴰⵢⴼⵓ

ⴱⵔⴰⵀⵉⵎ ⵍⴰⵅⵚⴰⵚⵉ ⵣⴰⵀⵉⵔⴰ ⵜⵉⴽⵟⴰⵟ ⴼⴰⵜⵉⵎⴰ ⵣⴰⵄⴰⴼ

ⵄⵉⵛⴰ ⴼⵉⴽⵔⵉ ⵢⵓⴱⴰ ⵓⴱⵔⴽⴰ

ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵯⵎ : ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴱⴷⵓ ⴰⴳⴰⴷⵉⵔ ⴳ ⵓⴼⵉⵙⴱⵓⴽ